How Can Service Convenience Reestablish Passenger Satisfaction After a Flight Delay? A Data Mining Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2026-0006Keywords:
airline consumer satisfaction, flight delays, machine learning, data mining, service failure.Abstract
The rapid development in aviation has transformed the way air travellers travel. Service failures, such as flight delays, significantly impact consumer satisfaction and its various dimensions. Consequently, flight delay has been identified as one of the critical factors in service failure. To improve satisfaction, airlines need to understand how consumer satisfaction can be enhanced in service failure incidents such as flight delays. As air travel recovers, understanding how service failures impact satisfaction and how they can be mitigated is crucial. Therefore, this study measures consumer airline satisfaction based on 129,880 observations of airline passengers (Study 1). It conducts data mining to predict that service convenience influences service failure perception (flight delay) and enhances consumer satisfaction (Study 2). The results indicate interesting trends. It is found that service convenience is the primary driver of delayed service failure recovery from the perspective of airline passengers. Airlines should invest in enhancing convenience and digital services, including virtual assistants, implementing automatic recovery mechanisms for flight delays, and considering the proximity of boarding gates to minimise walking distance.
References
Anderson, E. W. (1998). Customer Satisfaction and Word of Mouth. Journal of Service Research, 1(1), 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109467059800100102
Anderson, E. W., & Mittal, V. (2000). Strengthening the Satisfaction-Profit Chain. Journal of Service Research, 3(2), 107–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109467050032001
Antwi, C. O., Fan, C., Nataliia, I., Aboagye, M. O., Xu, H., & Azamela, J. C. (2020). Do Airport Staff Helpfulness and Communication Generate Behavioral Loyalty in Transfer Passengers? A Conditional Mediation Analysis. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54(May), 102002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.102002
Baliga, A. J., Chawla, V., Sunder M, V., Ganesh, L. S., & Sivakumaran, B. (2021). Service Failure and Recovery in B2B Markets–A Morphological Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 131(July), 763–781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.025
Bezerra, C. G., Costa, B. S. J., Guedes, L. A., & Angelov, P. P. (2016). An Evolving Approach to Unsupervised and Real-Time Fault Detection in Industrial Processes. Expert Systems with Applications, 63(November), 134–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2016.06.035
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research (2nd ed. ed.). New York: Guilford Publications.
Byrne, B. M. (2013). Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (2nd ed. ed.). New York: Routledge.
Chekembayeva, G., Garaus, M., & Schmidt, O. (2023). The Role of Time Convenience and (Anticipated) Emotions in AR Mobile Retailing Application Adoption. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 72(May), 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103260
Chen, C. F., & Chen, F. S. (2010). Experience Quality, Perceived Value, Satisfaction and Behavioural Intentions for Heritage Tourists. Tourism Management, 31(1), 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008
Cummings, J., & Yule, J. A. (2020). Tailoring Service Recovery Messages to Consumers’ Affective States. European Journal of Marketing, 54(7), 1675–1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0122
D’alfonso, T., & Nastasi, A. (2014). Airport–Airline Interaction: Some Food for Thought. Transport Reviews, 34(6), 730–748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2014.971470
Das, G., Roy, R., & Spence, M. T. (2020). The Mitigating Effect of Matching Regulatory Focus with Arousal‐Inducing Stimuli in Service Failure Situations. Psychology and Marketing, 37(10), 1420–1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.21390
Department of Transportation's Office. (2019). Air Travel Consumer Report December 2019. Retrieved from https://www.transportation.gov/individuals/aviation-consumer-protection/december-2019-air-travel-consumer-report
Eurocontrol. (2018). Challenges of Growth—European Aviation in 2040 Retrieved from https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/challenges-growth-2018
Fuerst, F., Gross, S., & Klose, U. (2011). The Sky Is the Limit? The Determinants and Constraints of European Airports’ Commercial Revenues. Journal of Air Transport Management, 17(5), 278–283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2011.03.001
Hall, M. J., & Hyodo, J. D. (2022). Service Provider to the Rescue: How Firm Recovery of Do-It-Yourself Service Failure Turns Consumers from Competitors to Satisfied Customers. Journal of Service Research, 26(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10946705221111347
Hwang, J., & Lyu, S. O. (2018). Understanding First-Class Passengers’ Luxury Value Perceptions in the US Airline Industry. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28(October), 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.07.001
Johnson, A. R., & Stewart, D. W. (2004). A Reappraisal of the Role of Emotion in Consumer Behavior. In N. K. Malhotra (Ed.), Review of Marketing Research (pp. 3–34): Emerald. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1548-6435(2004)0000001005
Kanuri, V. K., & Andrews, M. (2019). The Unintended Consequence of Price-Based Service Recovery Incentives. Journal of Marketing, 83(5), 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242919859325
Keiningham, T. L., Morgeson, F. V., Aksoy, L., & Williams, L. (2014). Service Failure Severity, Customer Satisfaction, and Market Share: An Examination of the Airline Industry. Journal of Service Research, 17(4), 415–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670514538119
Kleijnen, M., De Ruyter, K., & Wetzels, M. (2007). An Assessment of Value Creation in Mobile Service Delivery and the Moderating Role of Time Consciousness. Journal of Retailing, 83(1), 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2006.10.004
Klein, T. J. (2020). Airline Passenger Satisfaction. Retrieved from: https://kaggle.com/teejmahal20/airline-passenger-satisfaction
Kosiba, J. P., Acheampong, A., Adeola, O., & Hinson, R. E. (2020). The Moderating Role of Demographic Variables on Customer Expectations in Airport Retail Patronage Intentions of Travellers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54(May), 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102033
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Cognition and Motivation in Emotion. The American Psychologist, 46(4), 352–367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.4.352
Lin, M. H. (2015). Airline Network Competition with New Brand Subsidiaries. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 49(1), 58–78.
Malhotra, N., Smets, M., & Morris, T. (2016). Career Pathing and Innovation in Professional Service Firms. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 30(4), 369–383. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0108
McCollough, M. A. (2009). The Recovery Paradox: The Effect of Recovery Performance and Service Failure Severity on Post-Recovery Customer Satisfaction. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 13(1), 89–104.
Mohd-Any, A. A., Mutum, D. S., Ghazali, E. M., & Mohamed-Zulkifli, L. (2019). To Fly or Not to Fly? An Empirical Study of Trust, Post-Recovery Satisfaction and Loyalty of Malaysia Airlines Passengers. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 29(5/6), 661–690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-10-2018-0223
Nazifi, A., Gelbrich, K., Grégoire, Y., Koch, S., El-Manstrly, D., & Wirtz, J. (2021). Proactive Handling of Flight Overbooking: How to Reduce Negative eWOM and the Costs of Bumping Customers. Journal of Service Research, 24(2), 206–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670520933683
Nghiêm-Phú, B. (2019). What Determines the Loyalty of Airline Passengers? Findings of a Quantitative Data-Mining Study. Market-Tržište, 31(1), 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22598/mt/2019.31.1.23
Nguyen, D. T., DeWitt, T., & Russell‐Bennett, R. (2012). Service Convenience and Social Servicescape: Retail vs Hedonic Setting. Journal of Services Marketing, 26(4), 265–277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08876041211237569
Noviantoro, T., & Huang, J. P. (2022). Investigating Airline Passenger Satisfaction: Data Mining Method. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 43(October), 100726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2021.100726
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405
Palmer, A., & Bejou, D. (2016). Retrospective: Service Failure and Loyalty: An Exploratory Empirical Study of Airline Customers. Journal of Services Marketing, 30(5), 480–484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JSM-04-2016-0137
Pantano, E., & Scarpi, D. (2022). I, Robot, You, Consumer: Measuring Artificial Intelligence Types and Their Effect on Consumers’ Emotions in Service. Journal of Service Research, 25(4), 583–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10946705221103538
Park, E. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility as a Determinant of Corporate Reputation in the Airline Industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47(March), 215–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.11.013
Park, E., Jang, Y., Kim, J., Jeong, N. J., Bae, K., & Del Pobil, A. P. (2019). Determinants of Customer Satisfaction with Airline Services: An Analysis of Customer Feedback Big Data. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 51(November), 186–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.06.009
Prentice, C. (2019). Testing Complexity Theory in Service Research. Journal of Services Marketing, 34(2), 149–162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JSM-09-2019-0353
Sembada, A., Tsarenko, Y., & Tojib, D. (2016). The Positive Effects of Customers’ Power on Their Behavioural Responses After a Service Failure. Journal of Service Research, 19(3), 337–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670516645188
Skavronskaya, L., Moyle, B., Scott, N., & Schaffer, V. (2021). Novelty, Unexpectedness, and Surprise: A Conceptual Clarification. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(4), 548–552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1828556
Srivastava, M., & Kaul, D. (2014). Social Interaction, Convenience, and Customer Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Customer Experience. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(6), 1028–1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.04.007
Statista. (2023). Delayed Flights - the New Post-Pandemic Normal? Aviation. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/chart/29098/share-of-late-arrivals-by-north-american-airlines/
Vázquez-Casielles, R., del Río-Lanza, A. B., & Díaz-Martín, A. M. (2007). Quality of Past Performance: Impact on Consumers’ Responses to Service Failure. Marketing Letters, 18(June), 249–264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-007-9018-x
Yimga, J. (2017). Airline on-Time Performance and Its Effects on Consumer Choice Behaviour. Research in Transportation Economics, 66(December), 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2017.06.001
You, Y., Yang, X., Wang, L., & Deng, X. (2020). When and Why Saying “Thank You” is Better than Saying “Sorry” in Redressing Service Failures: The Role of Self-Esteem. Journal of Marketing, 84(2), 133–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242919889894
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The Behavioural Consequences of Service Quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000203
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Olavo Pinto, Amélia Brandão, Mahesh Gadekar

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All accepted papers are published on an Open Access basis.
The Open Access License is based on the Creative Commons license.
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions:
1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor,
2. they may not use this contribution for commercial purposes,
3. they may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.


