Exploring Economic Development Strategies for Canadian Indigenous Communities Post-Pandemic

Authors

  • Alex V. Teixeira Business and Public Administration School, First Nations University of Canada
  • Ken Coates Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2024-0015

Keywords:

indigenous business, indigenous corporations, indigenous economy, indigenous labor.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted the Indigenous Canadian economy. Indigenous enterprises exist in every industry, from small proprietorships to major organizations employing thousands of people. The research concerning the effects of such peculiarities on Indigenous corporations is sparse. This research aimed to examine how the pandemic affected development companies by comparing pre-epidemic forecasts to the trajectory of Indigenous-owned firms after two years of the pandemic and analyzing its singularities. The study was conducted by the Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business (CCAB) and supported by mixed methods techniques such as surveys, interviews, and non-participatory observations obtained from ten distinct Canadian Indigenous Economic Development Corporations, revealing a reality in which Indigenous businesses confront significant challenges in terms of access to public finance, human resources, community well-being, company diversification, and innovation. The result compared pre-pandemic forecasts and analyses that found Indigenous enterprises failing to recover and move ahead on company diversification and innovations, public finance, human resources, and sustainable development.

References

Brüssow, H., & Timmis, K. (2021). COVID-19: Long covid and its societal consequences. Environmental Microbiology, 23(8), 4077-4091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15634

CCAB. (2016). Promise and Prosperity: The 2016 Aboriginal Business Survey. Retrieved from https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1598625105013/1598625167707

CCAB. (2019). Industry and Inclusion: An Analysis of Indigenous Potential in Federal Supply Chains. Retrieved from https://www.ccab.com/research/publications/research-procurement/industry-and-inclusion/

CCAB. (2020a). COVID-19 CFIB Member Survey #16 – Staffing Question Results. Retrieved from https://www.cfib-fcei.ca/hubfs/legacy/2020-07/COVID19-survey-16-staffing-results.pdf

CCAB. (2020b). National Perspectives on Indigenous Economic Prosperity: Aboriginal Economic Development Corporation Capacity. Retrieved from https://www.ccab.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/CCAB-Report-1-web.pdf

CCAB. (2022). COVID-19 Indigenous Business Survey: Phase III. Retrieved from https://www.ccab.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Covid-Phase-3-report-EN-r1-FINAL.pdf

Gladun, E., Nystén-Haarala, S., & Tulaeva, S. (2021). Indigenous economies in the Arctic: To thrive or to survive? Elem Sci Anth, 9(1), 00088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2019.00088

Gordon, M. E., Kayseas, B., & Moroz, P. W. (2017). New venture creation and opportunity structure constraints: Indigenous-controlled development through joint ventures in the Canadian potash industry. Small Enterprise Research, 24(1), 1-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2017.1291361

Hilton, C. A. (2021). Indigenomics: Taking a seat at the economic table: New Society Publishers.

Hotte, N., Nelson, H., Hawkins, T., Wyatt, S., & Kozak, R. (2018). Maintaining Accountability between Levels of Governance in Indigenous Economic Development: Examples from British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Public Administration, 61(4), 523-549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/capa.12287

ISC. (2022). Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 report. Retrieved from https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1598625105013/1598625167707

Jarvis, D., Stoeckl, N., Addison, J., Larson, S., Hill, R., Pert, P., & Lui, F. W. (2018). Are Indigenous land and sea management programs a pathway to Indigenous economic independence? The Rangeland Journal, 40(4), 415-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/RJ18051

Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. (2022). Covid-19 report. Retrieved from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality

Kamalnath, A. (2021). Indigenous corporations: Lessons from Māori business forms. Alternative Law Journal, 46(3), 232-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969X211014983

Kant, S., & Vertinsky, I. (2022). The anatomy of social capital of a Canadian indigenous community: Implications of social trust field experiments for community-based forest management. Forest Policy and Economics, 144, 102822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102822

Knoerr, F. G., Séllos-Knoerr, V. C. D., & Teixeira, A. V. (2021). Political Science and Law: Citizenship Under Construction: University of Regina Press.

Leech, N. L., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2009). A typology of mixed methods research designs. Quality & Quantity, 43(2), 265-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-007-9105-3

Pergelova, A., Angulo-Ruiz, F., & Dana, L. P. (2022). The entrepreneurial quest for emancipation: Trade-offs, practices, and outcomes in an indigenous context. Journal of Business Ethics, 180(2), 481-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04894-1

Poelzer, G., & Coates, K. S. (2015). From treaty peoples to treaty nation: A road map for all Canadians: University of British Columbia Press.

Ratten, V., & Dana, L. P. (2017). Gendered perspective of indigenous entrepreneurship. Small Enterprise Research, 24(1), 62-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2017.1289858

Statistics Canada. (2016a). Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/171025/dq171025a-eng.htm?indid=14430-1&indgeo=0

Statistics Canada. (2016b). Data tables, 2016 Census. Retrieved from https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&Lang=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=1334853&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=111815&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=122&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0

Statistics Canada. (2021). Chapter 2: Youth employment in Canada. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/42-28-0001/2021001/article/00002-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. (2022). The Daily—Labour Force Survey, December 2021. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220107/dq220107a-eng.htm

Tulk, J. E. (2013). Guiding Principles for Aboriginal Economic Development. Shannon School of Business. Sydney: Cape Breton University.

Volynets, I. (2015). Social innovation and Aboriginal communities. Prepared for Urban Aboriginal Knowledge Network, National Secretariat.

Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and methods: Sage.

Downloads

Published

2024-06-05

How to Cite

Teixeira, A. V., & Coates, K. . (2024). Exploring Economic Development Strategies for Canadian Indigenous Communities Post-Pandemic. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 71(2), 285–300. https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2024-0015

Issue

Section

Articles